Dragonforce Ransomware: What You Need to Know & How to Recover Fast

In September 2026, leak-site trackers recorded 657 publicly claimed DragonForce victims across 65 countries — leak-site claims, not confirmed infections. The group targets professional services, manufacturing and technology firms via compromised remote-management tools. See how its affiliates exploit SimpleHelp RMM flaws to reach downstream MSP customers, what its ransom notes demand, and — if your systems are compromised — how our team helps contain the attack and restore operations.

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What is Dragonforce Ransomware?

DragonForce is a ransomware-as-a-service operation first observed in August 2023 that rebranded in March 2025 as a self-described ‘cartel’, supplying affiliates with white-label payloads on shared infrastructure. Published threat-intelligence research counted 101 leak-site victims in Q1 2026, concentrated in professional services, manufacturing and technology firms, with encryptors built from leaked LockBit 3.0 Black and Conti v3 code that reach both Windows and VMware ESXi hosts. BeforeCrypt has handled DragonForce engagements, checks for available decryption tools, and helps contain the attack and restore operations.

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RaaS Cartel Model
DragonForce operates as a ransomware cartel, letting affiliates deploy white-label payloads on shared infrastructure.
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Windows & ESXi Targeting
Its encryptors, derived from leaked LockBit and Conti code, can hit both Windows systems and VMware ESXi hosts.
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Double Extortion Leak Site
Affiliates exfiltrate data before encrypting it and threaten publication on a dedicated Tor leak site.
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RMM Supply-Chain Access
DragonForce affiliates have chained SimpleHelp remote-management vulnerabilities to reach downstream MSP customers.

Why You Shouldn’t Attempt to Fix It Alone

In January 2026, researchers published a victim-specific decryptor covering only files with the .RNP or .RNP_esxi extension, tied to one case’s key material — it doesn’t cover other affiliate extensions like .dragonforce_encrypted or .devman. An unverified tool can make recovery harder, so BeforeCrypt tests candidates on copies first and assesses which recovery options apply.

DragonForce affiliates exfiltrate data before encrypting it, so even a full backup restore doesn’t remove the risk: stolen files can still be published on its Tor leak site if the deadline passes. This is an additional risk for your business, separate from file loss itself. Notification obligations depend on your sector and geography — see the FAQ below for the regulatory clocks that may apply.

BeforeCrypt provides incident response — forensic triage, containment and recovery — alone or alongside your IT team, and establishes what data was taken. DragonForce affiliates can use a paid ‘data analysis service’ that drafts extortion scripts and pressure letters, so where negotiation — including reducing the demand and buying time — is right, we handle that contact, plus sanctions screening and evidence preservation. Running all of this at once strains internal teams.

An experienced internal security team can handle substantial parts of the response itself. Our detailed emergency response plan walks through the sequence step by step. A free assessment call with our team helps you decide quickly which parts to keep in-house and where specialist support saves time.

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DragonForce typically drops a note named readme.txt (also seen as README.txt, [random].README.txt or Contact Us.txt) in numerous folders, including web-accessible inetpub and wwwroot paths. Recent versions are signed off by the ‘DragonForce Ransomware Cartel’ and direct victims to a Tor-based portal identified by a unique victim ID.

YOU MUST NOT ATTEMPT TO TOUCH, RESTORE OR OVERWRITE THE DATA.

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Hit by Dragonforce Ransomware? Take These Immediate Recovery Steps

If you’ve fallen victim to ransomware, follow these crucial steps:

1

Request 24/7 Ransomware Recovery Help

Get expert guidance to assess, contain, and recover safely.

2

Isolate Infected Systems

Disconnect infected devices to stop the spread. Avoid self-recovery.

3

Preserve Evidence Immediately

Keep ransom notes & logs. Do not restart or modify anything.

Dragonforce ransomware statistics & facts

RANSOM SUMMARY

Name DragonForce / RansomBay (white-label affiliate brand)
Danger level Very High. RaaS cartel that combines double extortion with Windows and ESXi encryption.
Release date 2023
OS affected Windows, VMware ESXi (also marketed for Linux, BSD and NAS)
Appended file extensions .dragonforce_encrypted (Conti-derived default); varies per affiliate, e.g. .devman
Ransom note filename readme.txt (also README.txt, [random].README.txt, Contact Us.txt)
Contact channels Tor-based negotiation portal identified by a unique victim ID; TOX ID chat observed in a documented MSP-related campaign

COMMON ATTACK VECTORS

  • Exploit Public-Facing Application (T1190) — DragonForce actors chained SimpleHelp RMM vulnerabilities (CVE-2024-57727, CVE-2024-57728, CVE-2024-57726) to compromise an MSP and push ransomware to downstream customers.
  • External Remote Services (T1133) — intrusions have begun through public-facing RDP servers accessed with valid domain accounts.
  • Valid Accounts (T1078) — stolen or brute-forced credentials are used for internal access and lateral movement.
  • Phishing (T1566) — social-engineering campaigns and web shells have been observed in DragonForce-affiliated intrusions.
  • Supply Chain Compromise (T1195) — abuse of legitimate RMM software (SimpleHelp) has let affiliates reach MSP downstream customers at scale.

RANSOM AMOUNTS

DragonForce affiliates typically target mid-size and large organisations in professional services, manufacturing and technology, often gaining entry through compromised remote-management software or public-facing servers.

DragonForce ransom notes state that the demand is set by the actors based on the victim’s income and insurance after they review the exfiltrated documents. Ransoms are usually paid in Bitcoin. Quick-buy methods of purchasing Bitcoin with PayPal or credit cards do not work for this size of ransom payment and it is important to obtain expert advice to ensure that a payment of this size is legally compliant.

Where negotiation is the right option, our experienced negotiation team has consistently secured meaningful reductions from the initial demand to the final settlement across DragonForce engagements.

AVERAGE LENGTH

DragonForce deletes volume shadow copies, disables Windows recovery via bcdedit and removes wbadmin backups, while BYOVD techniques disable security tooling before encryption — all of which lengthen recovery.

For most ransomware victims, downtime is the most costly aspect of the incident, with potential for considerable reputational harm.

Our extensive experience with DragonForce ransomware gives us a deep understanding of the gang’s tactics, enabling us to resolve attacks swiftly and restore your files.

How to identify dragonforce ransomware

DragonForce typically drops readme.txt (also seen as README.txt, [random].README.txt or Contact Us.txt) in many folders, including web-accessible inetpub and wwwroot paths. The note states that files were stolen and encrypted, offers one free test decryption, and directs victims to a Tor-based portal identified by a unique victim ID.

[rand].README.txt
Hello! Your files (orcl, IADeAPP, [snip] dbs) have been stolen from your network and encrypted with a strong algorithm. We work for money and are not associated with politics. All you need to do is contact us and pay. --- Our communication process: 1. You contact us. 2. We send you a list of files that were stolen. 3. We decrypt 1 file to confirm that our decryptor works. 4. We agree on the amount, which must be paid using BTC. 5. We delete your files, we give you a decryptor. 6. We give you a detailed report on how we compromised your company, and recommendations on how to avoid such situations in the future. --- Client area (use this site to contact us): Link for Tor Browser: [redacted] >>> Use this ID: [snip] to begin the recovery process. * In order to access the site, you will need Tor Browser, you can download it from this link: [redacted] --- Additional contacts: Support Tox: [redacted] --- Recommendations: DO NOT RESET OR SHUTDOWN - files may be damaged. DO NOT RENAME OR MOVE the encrypted and readme files. DO NOT DELETE readme files. --- Important: If you refuse to pay or do not get in touch with us, we start publishing your files. 21/01/2024 00:00 UTC the decryptor will be destroyed and the files will be published on our blog. Blog: [redacted] Sincerely, 01000100 01110010 01100001 01100111 01101111 01101110 01000110 01101111 01110010 01100011 01100101

Frequently asked questions

How Does Ransomware Encrypt Files?

Ransomware encrypts files using advanced cryptographic algorithms, typically AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) or RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman). Once executed, the malware scans the system for specific file types and encrypts them, making them inaccessible to the user. Some variants use symmetric encryption (AES), while others combine it with asymmetric encryption (RSA) to lock files with a unique key pair.

Can You Decrypt My Ransomware Encrypted Files?

Decryption depends on the ransomware variant. In some cases, publicly available decryption tools exist, but not all attacks have a known solution. You can submit a free ransomware recovery request, and we will check for possible decryption methods.

Do I have to report a ransomware attack to regulators, and when?

In most cases involving personal data, which applies to nearly every ransomware incident, reporting is legally required. In the EU, GDPR requires notification to the relevant data protection authority within 72 hours of becoming aware of a personal data breach. The UK ICO requires the same 72-hour window. In the US, HIPAA-covered entities have 60 days to notify affected individuals (and immediately for breaches affecting 500+ people). The clock starts from awareness of the incident, not from a full technical understanding.

Is it legal to pay a ransom?

In most jurisdictions, paying a ransom is not illegal in itself — but it can become illegal if the payment ends up going to a sanctioned entity or country (OFAC-designated groups in the US, EU sanctions lists, UK Treasury lists). Before any payment, sanctions screening is essential. BeforeCrypt handles this compliance layer as a standard part of every engagement.

Will paying the ransom actually get my files back?

Most established ransomware groups do provide working decryption tools when paid — the business model depends on their reputation for delivery. However, decryptors are often slow, incomplete, or corrupt a percentage of files during recovery. This is where working with a specialist matters: BeforeCrypt tracks the delivery reliability of specific groups, negotiates sample-file decryption as proof of capability where the group allows it, and plans realistic recovery timelines based on our own engagement history with each group.

What happens if we don't pay the ransom?

Most modern ransomware groups follow through on publication threats — stolen data appears on the group's leak site, is often mirrored to Telegram and dark web forums, and may be sold to third parties. Recovery becomes limited to whatever you can rebuild from backups.

Are our files still at risk if we have working backups?

Backups protect against file loss but not against data theft. Most modern ransomware groups exfiltrate sensitive data BEFORE encryption and threaten to publish it regardless of your recovery capability. This is why leak-site publication and negotiation still matter even for organisations with clean, offline backups — and why "we can just restore from backup" rarely tells the full story.

Should we contact law enforcement after a ransomware attack?

In most jurisdictions, yes — reporting is a standard part of a ransomware incident and, in some cases, legally required. In the US, that means the FBI (via IC3 or a local field office) and CISA. In the EU, national CERT and cybercrime units. Reporting does not obligate you to any specific recovery path but does open access to threat intelligence and, occasionally, decryption tools recovered by law enforcement.

Do you have deep experience with ransomware incidents?

Yes. We’ve handled 1,700+ incidents across ransomware, BEC and data-leak extortion. We identify the variant, decide decrypt vs. clean verified restore, and guide a controlled return to operations. When needed, we support negotiation & compliance—always legally and with a clear audit trail.

Will insurers accept your findings and reports?

Yes. We produce insurer-ready incident reports with a defensible timeline, scope, likely entry path, exfiltration assessment, actions taken, and chain-of-custody. We can join the adjuster call, map our findings to your carrier’s forms, and provide GDPR/NIS2 notifications where required. Final acceptance always depends on the policy and carrier, but our packages are designed to speed up approvals and reduce back-and-forth.

How is this different from my MSP or the insurer’s hotline?

MSPs keep IT running; they’re not built for evidence handling and incident triage. Insurer panels optimize claims, not necessarily speed & clarity for your business. We work alongside both: kick off in ≤2h, run forensic triage with chain-of-custody, coordinate safe containment, and deliver executive- and insurer-ready findings—without taking your environment hostage.

Why Should I Use A Cyber Incident Service?

Because it turns chaos into fast, safe recovery. We cut downtime and limit damage while preserving evidence. Within ≤48h you get a forensic triage pack (timeline, likely entry path, scope, decrypt-vs-clean-restore decision, go-live criteria) so leadership can act with confidence. Result: controlled, verified restart—not guesswork.